The Mexican War of Independence was a conflict that lasted from 1810 to 1821, aiming to free Mexico from Spanish colonial rule. It began on September 16, 1810, when Miguel Hidalgo, a Catholic priest, issued the famous "Grito de Dolores," calling for rebellion against the Spanish government. The war involved various leaders and factions, including José María Morelos and Agustín de Iturbide. After years of fighting, the conflict ended with the signing of the Treaty of Córdoba in 1821, which recognized Mexico's independence and marked the beginning of a new nation.