King Louis XIV, also known as the Sun King, was the monarch of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. He is famous for his long reign, which lasted 72 years, making him one of the longest-reigning kings in European history. Louis XIV centralized power in the monarchy and is known for his statement, "L'état, c'est moi" (I am the state), reflecting his belief in absolute rule. He transformed the French court and government, moving the royal residence to Palace of Versailles, which became a symbol of his power and the grandeur of the French monarchy. His reign saw significant cultural achievements, including advancements in art, literature, and architecture, as well as military conflicts that expanded France's territory.