Jean-Paul Sartre was a French philosopher, playwright, and novelist, born on June 21, 1905, in Paris. He is best known for his contributions to existentialism, a philosophical movement that emphasizes individual freedom and choice. Sartre's most famous works include the novel Nausea and the play No Exit, which explore themes of existence, freedom, and the human condition. In addition to his literary achievements, Sartre was also a political activist and a prominent figure in 20th-century philosophy. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1964 but famously declined it, believing that a writer should not allow their work to be institutionalized. Sartre passed away on April 15, 1980, leaving a lasting impact on philosophy and literature.