Iran is a country located in the Middle East, bordered by the Caspian Sea to the north and the Persian Gulf to the south. It has a rich history that dates back thousands of years, with ancient civilizations such as the Persian Empire playing a significant role in its cultural development. The capital city is Tehran, which is the largest city and serves as the political and economic center of the country. The official language of Iran is Persian, and the majority of the population practices Islam, specifically the Shia branch. The country is known for its diverse landscapes, ranging from mountains to deserts, and is home to many historical sites, including the ruins of Persepolis. Iran has a mixed economy, with significant contributions from oil and gas production.