The Duchy of Saxe-Gotha was a historical territory in Germany, part of the larger Saxe region. Established in the early 17th century, it became a duchy in 1640. The duchy was known for its cultural contributions and was home to several notable figures, including the famous composer Johann Sebastian Bach. In 1825, the duchy was merged with the Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg to form the Duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. The region played a significant role in the political landscape of Germany during its existence, particularly in the context of the Holy Roman Empire.