The Aztecs were a Mesoamerican civilization that thrived in central Mexico from the 14th to the 16th centuries. They are known for their advanced agricultural practices, impressive architecture, and complex social structure. The capital city, Tenochtitlán, was built on an island in Lake Texcoco and featured grand temples and canals. The Aztecs practiced a polytheistic religion, worshipping many gods, including Huitzilopochtli, the god of war. They are also recognized for their contributions to art, mathematics, and astronomy. The civilization came to an end after the arrival of Spanish conquistadors, led by Hernán Cortés, in the early 16th century.