新教, or Protestantism, is a major branch of Christianity that originated in the 16th century during the 宗教改革 (Reformation). It began as a movement against certain practices and beliefs of the 天主教 (Catholic Church), emphasizing the authority of the Bible and the importance of faith in Jesus Christ for salvation. Protestantism encompasses various denominations, including 路德宗 (Lutheranism), 改革宗 (Reformed), and 浸信会 (Baptist), each with its own interpretations and practices. The movement has significantly influenced Western culture, education, and politics, promoting ideas such as individualism and the separation of church and state.