新教, or Protestantism, is a major branch of Christianity that originated in the 16th century during the Reformation. It began as a movement against certain practices and beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church, emphasizing the authority of the Bible and the importance of faith in Jesus Christ for salvation. Key figures in this movement include Martin Luther and John Calvin. Protestantism encompasses a variety of denominations, such as Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anglicanism. Each denomination has its own interpretations of scripture and practices, but they generally share core beliefs in the priesthood of all believers and the necessity of personal faith. Today, Protestantism is one of the largest branches of Christianity worldwide.