啓蒙専制君主 refers to "enlightened absolutism," a political philosophy that emerged in the 18th century. It describes rulers who embraced Enlightenment ideas while maintaining absolute power. These monarchs sought to implement reforms that promoted education, legal equality, and economic development, believing that such changes would strengthen their rule and benefit society. Prominent examples of 啓蒙専制君主 include Frederick the Great of Prussia and Catherine the Great of Russia. They adopted policies that reflected Enlightenment principles, such as religious tolerance and administrative efficiency, while still exercising centralized control over their states.