A water table is the upper surface of groundwater in the soil or rock. It marks the boundary between the saturated zone, where all the spaces are filled with water, and the unsaturated zone above, where air fills some of the spaces. The level of the water table can change due to factors like rainfall, evaporation, and human activities such as well drilling. Water tables are important for maintaining ecosystems and providing water for plants and animals. They also play a crucial role in supplying water for drinking, irrigation, and industrial uses. Understanding water tables helps in managing water resources effectively.