Viral RNA is a type of genetic material found in certain viruses. Unlike DNA, which is double-stranded, viral RNA can be single-stranded or double-stranded. This RNA carries the instructions that allow the virus to replicate and produce new virus particles once it infects a host cell. Many viruses, such as the influenza virus and HIV, use RNA as their genetic blueprint. When a virus enters a host, its RNA is translated by the host's cellular machinery to create viral proteins, enabling the virus to multiply and spread. Understanding viral RNA is crucial for developing vaccines and antiviral treatments.