Viral genetics is the study of the genetic material of viruses, which can be either DNA or RNA. Understanding the genetic structure of viruses helps scientists learn how they replicate, mutate, and interact with host cells. This knowledge is crucial for developing vaccines and antiviral treatments. Researchers analyze viral genomes to track outbreaks and understand how viruses evolve over time. By studying specific genes, scientists can identify potential targets for drugs and better predict how viruses might change in response to treatments or vaccines. This field plays a vital role in public health and disease prevention.