Vertical partitioning is a database design technique where a table is divided into smaller, more manageable pieces based on columns. This approach allows for improved performance and efficiency, as it enables the database to access only the necessary data for specific queries. By separating frequently accessed columns from those that are less commonly used, vertical partitioning can reduce the amount of data that needs to be scanned. In addition to performance benefits, vertical partitioning can enhance security and data management. Sensitive information can be stored in separate partitions, allowing for more controlled access. This method is often used in conjunction with other techniques, such as horizontal partitioning, to optimize database operations further.