Vector data is a type of data used in geographic information systems (GIS) to represent spatial features. It consists of points, lines, and polygons, which can depict various elements like roads, rivers, and boundaries. Each feature is defined by coordinates, allowing for precise mapping and analysis. Unlike raster data, which uses a grid of pixels, vector data maintains high detail and accuracy. This makes it ideal for applications such as urban planning, environmental monitoring, and resource management. Vector data can easily be edited and scaled without losing quality, making it a versatile choice for many mapping projects.