The expression "v + w" typically represents the addition of two vectors, v and w, in mathematics and physics. Vectors are quantities that have both magnitude and direction. When adding two vectors, the result is a new vector that combines their magnitudes and directions, often visualized using the head-to-tail method or by using components. In a coordinate system, if v has components (v₁, v₂) and w has components (w₁, w₂), then "v + w" can be calculated by adding the corresponding components: (v₁ + w₁, v₂ + w₂). This operation is fundamental in various fields, including engineering, physics, and computer graphics.