The urban heat island effect refers to the phenomenon where urban areas experience higher temperatures than their rural surroundings. This temperature difference is primarily due to human activities, such as the use of concrete and asphalt, which absorb and retain heat. Additionally, buildings and vehicles generate heat, further contributing to the warmer environment in cities. Factors like reduced vegetation and increased energy consumption also play a role in this effect. The lack of greenery means less shade and fewer plants to cool the air through processes like evapotranspiration. As a result, urban areas can be several degrees warmer, impacting energy use, air quality, and public health.