Upwelling is a process in oceanography where deep, cold, and nutrient-rich water rises to the surface. This occurs in areas where winds push surface water away, allowing the deeper water to replace it. Upwelling is crucial for marine ecosystems as it brings essential nutrients to the surface, supporting the growth of phytoplankton, which forms the base of the ocean food web. Regions of upwelling are often associated with high biological productivity, attracting various marine species, including fish and marine mammals. Common locations for upwelling include the coasts of California and Peru, where these nutrient-rich waters significantly enhance local fisheries.