The upper intertidal zone is the area of the shoreline that is exposed to air during low tide but submerged during high tide. This zone experiences harsh conditions, including strong waves, temperature fluctuations, and varying salinity. Organisms in this zone must be adapted to survive these challenges, often developing tough outer shells or the ability to retain moisture. Common inhabitants of the upper intertidal zone include barnacles, mussels, and seaweed. These organisms play a crucial role in the ecosystem, providing food for various marine animals and helping to stabilize the shoreline. The upper intertidal zone is essential for understanding coastal ecology and the impacts of climate change.