Tunneling machines, also known as tunnel boring machines (TBMs), are large, specialized machines used to excavate tunnels underground. They work by rotating a heavy, circular cutting head that breaks through soil and rock, while simultaneously installing tunnel linings to support the structure. This technology is essential for constructing subways, road tunnels, and water pipelines. These machines can vary in size and design, depending on the type of ground they will encounter. Some TBMs are equipped with advanced features like sensors and cameras to monitor conditions ahead, ensuring safe and efficient tunneling. Their use has revolutionized underground construction, making it faster and less disruptive to the surface environment.