Tunnel design involves planning and constructing underground passages for transportation, utilities, or water management. Engineers consider factors like soil type, rock conditions, and environmental impact to ensure safety and efficiency. Various methods, such as cut-and-cover or bored tunneling, are used depending on the project's requirements. The design process includes creating detailed blueprints and selecting materials that can withstand pressure and water infiltration. Safety features, like ventilation systems and emergency exits, are also crucial. Proper tunnel design helps facilitate smooth travel and transport while minimizing disruption to the surface environment.