A tundra is a cold, treeless biome found in polar regions and high mountain areas. It is characterized by short growing seasons, low temperatures, and limited precipitation. The ground is often frozen, creating a layer called permafrost, which affects the types of plants and animals that can survive there. Despite its harsh conditions, tundras support unique ecosystems. Common vegetation includes mosses, lichens, and low shrubs. Animals such as caribou, arctic foxes, and snowy owls are adapted to the extreme climate. Tundras play a crucial role in the Earth's climate system and are sensitive to changes caused by global warming.