Tumor suppression refers to the biological processes that prevent the formation and growth of tumors, which are abnormal masses of tissue that can be benign or malignant. This process involves various mechanisms, including the regulation of cell division, repair of DNA damage, and the activation of programmed cell death, known as apoptosis. Key proteins, such as those produced by tumor suppressor genes, play a crucial role in maintaining normal cell function and preventing cancer. When tumor suppressor genes are mutated or inactivated, their ability to control cell growth and division is compromised, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. This can result in the development of cancerous tumors. Understanding tumor suppression is essential for developing targeted therapies and treatments for various types of cancer, as it helps researchers identify potential interventions to restore normal cellular function and inhibit tumor growth.