Topological quantum computing is a theoretical approach to quantum computing that uses the principles of topology, a branch of mathematics concerned with the properties of space. It relies on special particles called anyons, which exist in two-dimensional systems and can store and process information in a way that is robust against local disturbances. This makes topological quantum computers potentially more stable than traditional quantum computers. In this framework, quantum information is encoded in the global properties of the system rather than in individual particles. This means that even if some parts of the system are affected by noise or errors, the overall information remains intact. Researchers are exploring materials like topological insulators and Majorana fermions to realize these concepts in practical devices.