Thorium dioxide is a chemical compound made up of thorium and oxygen, with the formula ThO₂. It is a white, odorless powder that is insoluble in water and has a high melting point. This compound is primarily used in nuclear applications, particularly in the production of nuclear fuel and as a catalyst in various chemical reactions. In addition to its use in nuclear energy, thorium dioxide has applications in ceramics and glassmaking, where it can improve the properties of materials. Its ability to withstand high temperatures makes it valuable in industries that require durable and heat-resistant components.