The Indus Valley is an ancient civilization that flourished around 2500 BCE in what is now Pakistan and northwest India. It is known for its advanced urban planning, including well-organized cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. The people of the Indus Valley developed a sophisticated drainage system and built homes from baked bricks. The civilization was primarily agricultural, relying on the fertile land along the Indus River for farming. They engaged in trade with neighboring regions and created a script that remains undeciphered. The Indus Valley civilization declined around 1900 BCE, but its contributions to urban culture and society are still recognized today.