The territorial sea is a maritime zone extending up to 12 nautical miles from a country's coastline. In this area, the coastal state has sovereignty, meaning it can enforce laws, regulate resources, and control navigation. This zone is recognized under international law, particularly the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Within the territorial sea, foreign vessels have the right of innocent passage, allowing them to navigate through without interference, as long as they do not threaten the peace or security of the coastal state. This balance helps maintain both national interests and international navigation rights.