Terrestrial ecosystems are land-based environments where living organisms interact with each other and their surroundings. These ecosystems include forests, grasslands, deserts, and tundras, each characterized by specific climate conditions, soil types, and plant and animal species. The diversity of life in these areas is influenced by factors such as temperature, precipitation, and geography. In terrestrial ecosystems, plants play a crucial role by providing oxygen and food, while animals contribute to pollination and seed dispersal. The balance of these interactions helps maintain ecological stability. Human activities, such as deforestation and urbanization, can disrupt these ecosystems, leading to loss of biodiversity and habitat degradation.