The temporal artery is a major blood vessel located on the side of the head. It is a branch of the external carotid artery and supplies blood to the scalp and face. This artery can often be felt pulsating just above the ear, making it important for assessing blood flow in the region. In medical contexts, the temporal artery is significant for diagnosing conditions like temporal arteritis, an inflammation that can lead to serious complications if untreated. Healthcare professionals may examine this artery to check for tenderness or swelling, which can indicate underlying health issues.