A telescope operates by gathering and focusing light from distant objects in space, such as stars and planets. It typically consists of a large lens or mirror that collects light and a smaller lens that magnifies the image. This allows astronomers to observe celestial bodies in greater detail than the naked eye can provide. There are different types of telescopes, including refracting telescopes, which use lenses, and reflecting telescopes, which use mirrors. The choice of telescope depends on the specific observations desired, such as viewing galaxies, nebulae, or planets. Proper alignment and calibration are essential for optimal performance.