Systems theory is an interdisciplinary framework that studies complex systems in various fields, including biology, engineering, and social sciences. It emphasizes the relationships and interactions between components within a system, rather than focusing solely on individual parts. This holistic approach helps to understand how systems function, adapt, and evolve over time. Key concepts in systems theory include feedback loops, emergent properties, and interconnectedness. Feedback loops illustrate how outputs of a system can influence its inputs, while emergent properties refer to characteristics that arise from the interactions of components. By analyzing these elements, systems theory provides insights into problem-solving and decision-making processes.