Syntax analysis is a crucial step in the process of compiling programming languages. It involves examining the structure of code to ensure it follows the correct rules and grammar defined by the language. This step helps identify any errors in the code's arrangement, which can lead to issues during execution. During syntax analysis, the code is transformed into a parse tree or abstract syntax tree. These structures represent the hierarchical organization of the code, making it easier for the compiler to understand and process. By validating the syntax, this analysis ensures that the code can be correctly interpreted and executed by the computer.