Synchronization protocols are rules and methods used in computer science and networking to ensure that multiple processes or systems operate in a coordinated manner. These protocols help manage access to shared resources, preventing conflicts and ensuring data consistency. Common examples include Mutexes, Semaphores, and Locks. These protocols are essential in environments where multiple users or processes need to interact with the same data or resources simultaneously. By implementing synchronization protocols, systems can avoid issues like data corruption and race conditions, leading to more reliable and efficient operations in applications such as multithreading and distributed systems.