Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique that enhances the Raman scattering signal of molecules adsorbed on rough metal surfaces or nanoparticles. This enhancement occurs due to the interaction between light and the surface, which amplifies the vibrational modes of the molecules, making them easier to detect. SERS is widely used in various fields, including chemistry, biotechnology, and environmental monitoring, due to its high sensitivity and ability to identify low concentrations of substances. By providing detailed molecular information, SERS helps researchers analyze complex samples and detect specific compounds effectively.