Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is a technique that uses supercritical fluids, typically carbon dioxide, to extract desired compounds from solid or liquid materials. A supercritical fluid is a substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point, where it exhibits properties of both a gas and a liquid. This unique state allows it to penetrate materials like a gas while dissolving substances like a liquid, making it an efficient extraction method. SFE is widely used in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, to obtain essential oils, flavors, and active ingredients. The process is environmentally friendly, as it often requires less energy and avoids harmful solvents, resulting in a cleaner final product.