Supercomputing refers to the use of powerful computers that can perform complex calculations at extremely high speeds. These machines are designed to handle large amounts of data and solve intricate problems that are beyond the capabilities of regular computers. Supercomputers are often used in fields like climate modeling, genomics, and aerospace engineering. The architecture of a supercomputer typically involves thousands of processors working together in parallel. This allows them to execute multiple tasks simultaneously, significantly speeding up computations. Organizations like NASA and IBM utilize supercomputers to conduct research and simulations that require immense processing power.