Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are microorganisms that play a crucial role in the sulfur cycle by converting sulfur compounds into sulfate. They thrive in environments rich in sulfur, such as hot springs, deep-sea vents, and sulfur-rich soils. These bacteria utilize sulfur as an energy source, which helps them grow and reproduce. These bacteria are essential for maintaining ecosystem balance, as they help recycle nutrients and support plant growth. Some common genera of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria include Thiobacillus and Beggiatoa. Their activities also contribute to the formation of acid sulfate soils, which can impact agriculture and water quality.