Chemolithotrophy is a biological process where certain organisms obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic compounds. These organisms, known as chemolithotrophs, use substances like hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, or ferrous iron as electron donors. This process allows them to thrive in environments where organic matter is scarce, such as deep-sea vents or mineral-rich soils. Unlike chemoorganotrophs, which rely on organic compounds for energy, chemolithotrophs play a crucial role in nutrient cycling. They contribute to the ecosystem by converting inorganic materials into forms that can be utilized by other organisms, thus supporting diverse life forms in extreme habitats.