Subsea trees are specialized equipment used in offshore oil and gas production. They are installed on the seabed and help control the flow of oil and gas from underwater wells. These structures are essential for managing pressure and ensuring safe extraction of resources from deep beneath the ocean. Each subsea tree consists of various components, including valves, sensors, and control systems. They are connected to the surface through pipelines and umbilicals, which provide power and communication. By using subsea trees, companies can efficiently tap into underwater reserves while minimizing environmental impact and maintaining safety in challenging underwater conditions.