Submarine navigation involves the techniques and tools used to guide submarines underwater. Submarines rely on various systems, including inertial navigation systems, GPS when surfaced, and sonar to detect underwater obstacles and other vessels. These systems help submarines determine their position and course while maintaining stealth. To navigate effectively, submarines often use a combination of charts, depth sounders, and compasses. The crew must account for factors like water currents and the Earth's magnetic field. Accurate navigation is crucial for mission success and safety, especially in military operations or scientific research missions.