Sonar, which stands for Sound Navigation and Ranging, is a technology that uses sound waves to detect and locate objects underwater. It works by emitting sound pulses and analyzing the echoes that return after bouncing off objects, such as fish or the ocean floor. This method is widely used in various applications, including submarine navigation and fishing expeditions. There are two main types of sonar: active and passive. Active sonar sends out sound waves and listens for echoes, while passive sonar only listens for sounds made by other objects. This technology is crucial for marine exploration and safety, helping to map the ocean and locate underwater hazards.