A strong perfect graph is a type of graph in which every induced subgraph has a chromatic number equal to its clique number. This means that the minimum number of colors needed to color the graph's vertices, so that no two adjacent vertices share the same color, is the same as the size of the largest complete subgraph (clique) within it. These graphs are a subset of perfect graphs, which are characterized by the property that their chromatic number equals the size of the largest clique for all induced subgraphs. Strong perfect graphs are particularly important in graph theory and have applications in areas such as combinatorics and optimization.