The term "strategoi" refers to a group of military generals in ancient Greece, particularly in the city-state of Athens. Each strategos was responsible for leading an army and making strategic decisions during warfare. The position was significant in the democratic system of Athens, as strategoi were elected by the citizens and held considerable power in military affairs. Strategoi played a crucial role in the Peloponnesian War, where their leadership and tactics were vital for the success of Athenian forces. Notable strategoi, such as Pericles and Alcibiades, influenced both military strategies and political decisions, shaping the course of Athenian history during their time.