Stem cell maintenance refers to the processes that keep stem cells in a state where they can continue to divide and differentiate into various cell types. This involves a balance between self-renewal, where stem cells replicate themselves, and differentiation, where they develop into specialized cells. Factors such as growth factors, cell signaling pathways, and the stem cell niche play crucial roles in regulating these processes. Proper maintenance of stem cells is essential for tissue homeostasis and repair. If stem cells do not maintain their balance, it can lead to issues such as tissue degeneration or cancer. Understanding stem cell maintenance is vital for developing therapies for various diseases and injuries.