A steam shovel is a type of excavating machine that uses steam power to dig and move earth. It features a large bucket attached to a rotating arm, which can scoop up soil and rocks. Steam shovels were commonly used in construction and mining during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, significantly improving the efficiency of these tasks. The invention of the steam shovel is attributed to William Otis, who patented it in 1839. This machine played a crucial role in major projects, such as building railroads and canals, and laid the groundwork for modern excavators powered by diesel or electricity.