Steam distillation is a separation process used to extract essential oils and other volatile compounds from plant materials. In this method, steam is passed through the plant material, causing the essential oils to evaporate. The steam and vaporized oils then travel through a condenser, where they cool and return to liquid form. This technique is particularly useful for extracting compounds that are sensitive to heat, as the temperature remains relatively low during the process. Steam distillation is commonly used in the production of perfumes, flavorings, and natural remedies, making it an important method in the essential oil industry.