Spelunking is the recreational activity of exploring caves. It involves navigating through underground passages, chambers, and tunnels, often requiring special equipment like helmets, headlamps, and ropes. Spelunkers, or cave explorers, may encounter unique geological formations, such as stalactites and stalagmites, as well as various wildlife adapted to dark environments. Safety is a crucial aspect of spelunking, as caves can present hazards like tight spaces, water hazards, and unstable rock formations. Many spelunkers join organized groups or clubs to learn proper techniques and ensure safe exploration. Popular spelunking locations include the Mammoth Cave in Kentucky and the Carlsbad Caverns in New Mexico.