Species interactions refer to the various ways in which different species in an ecosystem interact with one another. These interactions can be classified into several categories, including predation, competition, mutualism, and parasitism. Each type of interaction plays a crucial role in shaping the structure and dynamics of ecological communities. For example, in a mutualistic relationship, both species benefit, such as bees pollinating flowers while obtaining nectar. In contrast, in predation, one species, the predator, hunts and consumes another species, the prey. Understanding these interactions helps ecologists study biodiversity and ecosystem health.