Solar energy conversion is the process of transforming sunlight into usable energy. This is primarily achieved through technologies like solar panels, which capture sunlight and convert it into electricity using the photovoltaic effect. This clean energy source can power homes, businesses, and even vehicles, reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Another method of solar energy conversion is through solar thermal systems, which use sunlight to heat water or air for residential and industrial applications. These systems can provide hot water for showers, heating for buildings, and even energy for industrial processes, making solar energy a versatile and sustainable option.