A solar cell, also known as a photovoltaic cell, is a device that converts sunlight directly into electricity. It works by using semiconductor materials, typically silicon, which absorb photons from sunlight. When these photons hit the solar cell, they excite electrons, creating an electric current that can be harnessed for power. Solar cells are commonly used in various applications, from small devices like calculators to large solar panels that power homes and businesses. They are a key component of renewable energy systems, contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on fossil fuels, thus promoting a more sustainable future.