Soil formation is a natural process that occurs over time as rocks break down and organic materials accumulate. This process involves weathering, where physical and chemical forces, such as wind, water, and temperature changes, break down parent rock into smaller particles. As these particles mix with decaying plants and animals, they create topsoil, which is rich in nutrients. Factors like climate, organisms, and landforms influence how quickly soil forms, leading to different types of soil in various regions. This diverse soil supports ecosystems and agriculture, making it essential for life on Earth.